Built on an area inhabited since the Paleolithic, the walled city of Baku shows evidence of the presence of Zoroastrians, Sassanids, Arabs, Persians, Shirvani, Ottomans, and Russians in the cultural continuum. The city centre (Icheri Sheher) has retained much of its 12th-century style. defensive walls. The 12th-century Maiden’s Tower (Giz Galasy) is built on top of earlier structures dating from the 7th to 6th centuries BC. The 15th-century Shirvanshah Palace is one of the pearls of Azerbaijani architecture.
Built on a site inhabited since the Paleolithic, the fortified city of Baku embodies a remarkable cultural continuity with Zoroastrian, Sassanid, Arabic, Persian, Shirvani, Ottoman, and Russian presence lines. The city center (Icheri Sheher) has preserved a giant part of its ram components from the 12th century. The Tower of the Virgin (Giz Galasy), whose original structures date back to the 7th-6th centuries BC. The Palace of the Shas in Shirvan, from the 15th century, is another masterpiece of Azerbaijani architecture.
巴库城 (Baku)化的延续性,包括拜火教徒 (Zoroastrian),萨桑王朝(Sassanid)、阿拉伯 土耳其人和俄罗斯人。 巴库内城保存了大量12世纪的防御墙。 而同样在12世纪 ，当地人在一处公元前7世纪到公元前6 世纪的建筑遗址之上建造了少女塔。 建于15世纪的希尔凡王宫堪称阿塞拜疆建筑史上的一颗璀璨明珠.
Возведенная на обитаемой со времен палеолита местности, Старая крепость Баку сохранила черты разных культур, под влиянием которых она находилась на протяжении своей многовековой истории: зороастрийцев, Сасанидов, арабов, персов, ширванцев, турок и русских. Внутренний город – Ичери-Шехер – сохранил большую часть окружающей его крепостной стены XII в. В основании Девичьей Башни (Кыз-каласы), также построенной в XII в., обнаружены следы более ранних сооружений, относящихся к VII-VI вв. до н.э. Одной из жемчужин азербайджанской архитектуры является Дворец ширваншахов XV в.
Built on an inhabited territory of the Paleolithic, the Mural City of Baku houses the houses of the successive presence of the Zoroastrian, Sassanid, Arab, Persian, Shirvani, Ottoman and Russian cultures. The intramural component (Icheri Shesher) has preserved intact a Los Angeles component of his 12th-century wall paintings. The Tower of the Angels Angel Maidens (Giz Galos angelessy) is built on the same name on the ancient buildings dating from the 7th to 6th centuries BC. The Palos angelesce of the Sahs in Shirvan (15th century) is one of the jewels of Azerbaijani architecture.
From the ommuurde stad Bakoe it is clear that there is a cultural continuity that encompasses the Zoroastri, Sassanidische, Arabische, Perzische, Shirvanische, Otomaanse and Russische. The city of Azerbaijan said beyond the Paleolithic in the city – Icheri Sheher – is very close to the twelfth century. “Eeuwse verdedigingsmuren that belongs to you. ” From Maagdentoren – Giz Galasy – created in the 12th century, but flew over the angelegde – 7th to 6th centuries for Christus – structured it. The Shirvanshah Palace originated in the 15th century and is also one of the Azerbaijani architects.
Brief synthesis
Located on the southern coast of the Apsheron Peninsula, at the western end of the Caspian Sea, the walled city of Baku was founded on a site inhabited since the Paleolithic period. The city reveals, with the dominant Azerbaijani element, evidence of Zoroastrian, Sassanid, Arab, Persian, Shirvani, Ottoman and Russian presence in cultural continuity. The city center (Icherisheher) retains much of its 12th century defensive walls, which outline the character of the property. The oldest monument in Icherisheher is the Maiden Tower, a symbol of the city of Baku. Some evidence suggests that the tower structure may date back to the 7th-6th centuries BC. Another monument of universal value, one of the pearls of Azerbaijani architecture, is the Palace of the Shirvanshahs, dating from the 12th to the 15th centuries and located at the highest point of Icherisheher. In the palace complex are the Divankhana (reception hall) or, as some researchers believe, the tomb of the Shah, the residential structure of the Shirvanshahs, the remains of the Key-Kubad mosque, the tomb of Seyid Yahya Bakuvi, the Murad Gate (the only 16th century monument), the tomb of the Shirvanshah relatives, the Shah Mosque and the palace baths. Earlier monuments at Icherisheher include the Muhammad Mosque, as well as the adjacent minaret built in 1078, and the remains of the 9th-10th century mosque near the Maiden’s Tower.
There are also ancient and architectural monuments from medieval times, such as caravanserais, hammams (public baths), mosques and residential buildings from the 18th to 20th centuries located inside the property.
The beauty of Icherisheher lies in the combination of its distinct architectural monuments and historic architectural design with original perspectives of the streets, which have been merged into a single entity to reflect its long history and the combination of cultures that have influenced its evolution in the past. nine centuries. Icherisheher remains a colorful city with residential spaces that are home to local communities.
Criterion (iv): The Walled City of Baku represents an outstanding and rare example of an historic urban ensemble and architecture with influence from Zoroastrian, Sassanian, Arabic, Persian, Shirvani, Ottoman, and Russian cultures.
Integrity
The barriers of heritage are limited to the barriers of the walled town which, in combination with the remains of its walls, conformation of plans and buildings, encompasses the attributes that make explicit its Outstanding Universal Value.
Shortly after the registration of the estate there was considerable erosion of the layout of some buildings in the walled city, partly as a result of an earthquake but also as a result of illegal demolitions and uncontrolled development. from the List of World Heritage in Danger in 2009.
The configuration of the assets has changed since the inscription, due to the real estate progression that accompanied the disintegration of the old Soviet control formula and which is still vulnerable to the negative visual effects of new adjacent progressions. The new control design combines well the purposes of municipal and asset conservation.
Authenticity
After the inscription, the demolition and complete reconstruction of some buildings undermined the authenticity of the urban complex as a whole. Thanks to the measures taken to allow the removal of the properties from the List of World Heritage in Danger, it can be said that the remaining attributes reflect the Outstanding Universal Value of the assets in terms of materials, design and urbanism. The coherence and purpose of the historic city are underpinned by a colorful local community.
Protection and control requirements.
The walled city of Baku and its buffer zone are inventoried and as national monuments. The center of the city is by presidential decrees of 2005 and 2007, and the buffer zone is by a decree issued through the Cabinet of Ministers.
In 2007, the management of the State Historical and Architectural Reserve “Icherisheher” (SHAHAR), established under the auspices of the Cabinet of Ministers, was officially entrusted with full responsibility for controlling the government-held assets of the Ministry of Culture. and Tourism and the City. SHAHAR is independently staffed and funded through the government. An Integrated Area Management Action Plan (IAMAP) has been developed, as well as a Conservation Master Plan.
The Conservation Master Plan has been reviewed by all stakeholders and officially approved, and will be incorporated into IAMAP and followed in the City of Baku’s Urban Planning System. The IAMAP moves will be implemented, adding the preparation of a comprehensive long-term strategy for the coverage of Icherisheher and its buffer zone; documentation and monitoring of the state of conservation of the property; formulas of criteria and procedures for the regulation of the rehabilitation of existing buildings and conceivable new constructions; maintenance and improvement of public spaces; progression of strategic interventions to improve the quality of life in the region; and organizing and managing community-based outreach and schooling programs.
It is mandatory to ensure that controls on the plans respect the characteristics of modest houses that contribute to the overall qualities of Baku as a mirror image of a medieval city. Many parts of the property retain the original perspectives of medieval streets and deserve care. Controls are also needed over the progression of the city’s wider environment to ensure it maintains its links with the sea and does not become a small island within high-rise buildings.
Year of inscription on the List of World Heritage in Danger
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